Nomenclature of Carbon Compounds
Nomenclature of Carbon Compounds
Nomenclature of Carbon Compounds:
Organic compounds have generally two types of names. These are IUPAC names and common names. The IUPAC have been adopted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and are based on certain rules. The common names, also known as trivial names, have no system for naming. In general, the IUPAC names of organic compounds are based on the name of basic carbon chain modified by a prefix (phrase before) or suffix (phrase after) indicating the name (or nature) of the functional group.
Writing IUPAC Name of a Compound:
Following steps are used to write the name of an organic compound:
Step I: Count the number of carbon atoms in the given compound and write the root word for it. Root words upto 10 carbon atoms are tabulated below.
| Chain length | Root word | Chain length | Root word |
|---|---|---|---|
| Meth - | Hepta - | ||
| Eth - | Octa- | ||
| Prop - | Nona - | ||
| Buta - | Deca - | ||
| Penta - | Undeca - | ||
| Hexa - | Dodeca - |
Step II: If the compound is saturated, add suffix ‘ane’ to the root word, but if it is unsaturated, add suffix ‘ene’ and ‘yne’ for double and triple bonds respectively. e.g. CH3CH2CH3 contains three C-atoms, so the root word is ‘prop’ and it contains only single bonds, thus, suffix used is ‘ane’. Hence, the name of this compound is propane. Similarly, the compound CH3CHCH2 is named as propene as here suffix ‘ene’ is used for double bond.
Which of the following is the correct formula of Propane nitrile ? | |||
| Right Option : A | |||
| View Explanation | |||
_______________________________ is the formula of Butanoic acid. | |||
| Right Option : C | |||
| View Explanation | |||
Which of the following are correct : (a) (b) (c) | |||
| Right Option : D | |||
| View Explanation | |||
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